Mercy Corps released a briefing paper summarizing results from research in Iraq and Afghanistan to understand how local people in both places perceive the work of different groups that implement development programs in their communities.  This study adds to a growing body of research that demonstrates the value of long-term, community-led, and needs-based assistance, even in insecure environments. It also raises significant questions about the efficacy of ongoing U.S. assistance strategies and investments in Afghanistan and Iraq that focus predominantly on achieving short-term impacts.